A convertible instrument is a type of financial contract that can convert into future ownership in a company. In the venture capital industry, the most common forms of convertible instruments are convertible notes and Simple Agreements for Future Equity (SAFEs). These debt and hybrid securities typically change into common stock or preferred stock when certain conditions are met.
Most convertible instruments convert into equity upon the closing of a financing round or after a liquidity event. They are a popular way for companies to raise capital prior to, or in between, financing rounds, as they require less paperwork than a financing round, have fewer terms to negotiate, and are not tied to a fixed valuation.
Early stage companies often use convertible instruments to raise capital quickly so they can get back to building their company. Convertible instruments also allow companies to defer setting a valuation, which benefits companies in the pre-product or pre-revenue phase. By not setting a valuation early on, companies can focus on building a product and generating revenue, thus, justifying a higher valuation when raising a financing round.
The following table highlights the differences between convertible notes and SAFEs.
Term | Convertible Notes | SAFEs |
Valuation cap | Yes | Yes |
Discount | Yes | Yes |
Interest rate | Yes | No |
Acquisition premium | Yes | No |
Maturity date | Yes | No |
Liquidation priority | Senior to SAFEs and other Preferred Stock | On par with other Preferred Stock |
Trigger to convert | Minimum qualified financing amount | Any sale of Preferred Stock to outside investors |